These functions perform basic tokenization into words, sentences, paragraphs, lines, and characters. The functions can be piped into one another to create at most two levels of tokenization. For instance, one might split a text into paragraphs and then word tokens, or into sentences and then word tokens.
Usage
tokenize_characters(
x,
lowercase = TRUE,
strip_non_alphanum = TRUE,
simplify = FALSE
)
tokenize_words(
x,
lowercase = TRUE,
stopwords = NULL,
strip_punct = TRUE,
strip_numeric = FALSE,
simplify = FALSE
)
tokenize_sentences(x, lowercase = FALSE, strip_punct = FALSE, simplify = FALSE)
tokenize_lines(x, simplify = FALSE)
tokenize_paragraphs(x, paragraph_break = "\n\n", simplify = FALSE)
tokenize_regex(x, pattern = "\\s+", simplify = FALSE)Arguments
- x
A character vector or a list of character vectors to be tokenized. If
xis a character vector, it can be of any length, and each element will be tokenized separately. Ifxis a list of character vectors, where each element of the list should have a length of 1.- lowercase
Should the tokens be made lower case? The default value varies by tokenizer; it is only
TRUEby default for the tokenizers that you are likely to use last.- strip_non_alphanum
Should punctuation and white space be stripped?
- simplify
FALSEby default so that a consistent value is returned regardless of length of input. IfTRUE, then an input with a single element will return a character vector of tokens instead of a list.- stopwords
A character vector of stop words to be excluded.
- strip_punct
Should punctuation be stripped?
- strip_numeric
Should numbers be stripped?
- paragraph_break
A string identifying the boundary between two paragraphs.
- pattern
A regular expression that defines the split.
Value
A list of character vectors containing the tokens, with one element
in the list for each element that was passed as input. If simplify =
TRUE and only a single element was passed as input, then the output is a
character vector of tokens.
Examples
song <- paste0("How many roads must a man walk down\n",
"Before you call him a man?\n",
"How many seas must a white dove sail\n",
"Before she sleeps in the sand?\n",
"\n",
"How many times must the cannonballs fly\n",
"Before they're forever banned?\n",
"The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind.\n",
"The answer is blowin' in the wind.\n")
tokenize_words(song)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "how" "many" "roads" "must" "a"
#> [6] "man" "walk" "down" "before" "you"
#> [11] "call" "him" "a" "man" "how"
#> [16] "many" "seas" "must" "a" "white"
#> [21] "dove" "sail" "before" "she" "sleeps"
#> [26] "in" "the" "sand" "how" "many"
#> [31] "times" "must" "the" "cannonballs" "fly"
#> [36] "before" "they're" "forever" "banned" "the"
#> [41] "answer" "my" "friend" "is" "blowin"
#> [46] "in" "the" "wind" "the" "answer"
#> [51] "is" "blowin" "in" "the" "wind"
#>
tokenize_words(song, strip_punct = FALSE)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "how" "many" "roads" "must" "a"
#> [6] "man" "walk" "down" "before" "you"
#> [11] "call" "him" "a" "man" "?"
#> [16] "how" "many" "seas" "must" "a"
#> [21] "white" "dove" "sail" "before" "she"
#> [26] "sleeps" "in" "the" "sand" "?"
#> [31] "how" "many" "times" "must" "the"
#> [36] "cannonballs" "fly" "before" "they're" "forever"
#> [41] "banned" "?" "the" "answer" ","
#> [46] "my" "friend" "," "is" "blowin"
#> [51] "'" "in" "the" "wind" "."
#> [56] "the" "answer" "is" "blowin" "'"
#> [61] "in" "the" "wind" "."
#>
tokenize_sentences(song)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man?"
#> [2] "How many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand?"
#> [3] "How many times must the cannonballs fly Before they're forever banned?"
#> [4] "The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind."
#> [5] "The answer is blowin' in the wind."
#>
tokenize_paragraphs(song)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "How many roads must a man walk down Before you call him a man? How many seas must a white dove sail Before she sleeps in the sand?"
#> [2] "How many times must the cannonballs fly Before they're forever banned? The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind. The answer is blowin' in the wind. "
#>
tokenize_lines(song)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "How many roads must a man walk down"
#> [2] "Before you call him a man?"
#> [3] "How many seas must a white dove sail"
#> [4] "Before she sleeps in the sand?"
#> [5] "How many times must the cannonballs fly"
#> [6] "Before they're forever banned?"
#> [7] "The answer, my friend, is blowin' in the wind."
#> [8] "The answer is blowin' in the wind."
#>
tokenize_characters(song)
#> [[1]]
#> [1] "h" "o" "w" "m" "a" "n" "y" "r" "o" "a" "d" "s" "m" "u" "s" "t" "a" "m"
#> [19] "a" "n" "w" "a" "l" "k" "d" "o" "w" "n" "b" "e" "f" "o" "r" "e" "y" "o"
#> [37] "u" "c" "a" "l" "l" "h" "i" "m" "a" "m" "a" "n" "h" "o" "w" "m" "a" "n"
#> [55] "y" "s" "e" "a" "s" "m" "u" "s" "t" "a" "w" "h" "i" "t" "e" "d" "o" "v"
#> [73] "e" "s" "a" "i" "l" "b" "e" "f" "o" "r" "e" "s" "h" "e" "s" "l" "e" "e"
#> [91] "p" "s" "i" "n" "t" "h" "e" "s" "a" "n" "d" "h" "o" "w" "m" "a" "n" "y"
#> [109] "t" "i" "m" "e" "s" "m" "u" "s" "t" "t" "h" "e" "c" "a" "n" "n" "o" "n"
#> [127] "b" "a" "l" "l" "s" "f" "l" "y" "b" "e" "f" "o" "r" "e" "t" "h" "e" "y"
#> [145] "r" "e" "f" "o" "r" "e" "v" "e" "r" "b" "a" "n" "n" "e" "d" "t" "h" "e"
#> [163] "a" "n" "s" "w" "e" "r" "m" "y" "f" "r" "i" "e" "n" "d" "i" "s" "b" "l"
#> [181] "o" "w" "i" "n" "i" "n" "t" "h" "e" "w" "i" "n" "d" "t" "h" "e" "a" "n"
#> [199] "s" "w" "e" "r" "i" "s" "b" "l" "o" "w" "i" "n" "i" "n" "t" "h" "e" "w"
#> [217] "i" "n" "d"
#>